{"id":5562,"date":"2017-06-29T00:25:15","date_gmt":"2017-06-28T21:25:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/?p=5562"},"modified":"2017-11-01T12:25:51","modified_gmt":"2017-11-01T10:25:51","slug":"%ce%bc%ce%af%ce%b1-%cf%80%ce%bf%cf%83%ce%bf%cf%84%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%ae-%ce%b1%ce%bd%ce%ac%ce%bb%cf%85%cf%83%ce%b7-%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85-%cf%80%ce%af%ce%b4%ce%b1%ce%ba%ce%b1-%ce%b1%ce%bb%cf%85%cf%83%ce%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/?p=5562","title":{"rendered":"\u039c\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li>\u03a4<strong>\u03bf\u03c5 J. Pantaleone<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf American Journal of Physics<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/kp3wLaOQS0I\" width=\"700\" height=\"370\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u03a0\u0395\u03a1\u0399\u039b\u0397\u03a8\u0397<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c1\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03b4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 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\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bc\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \/ \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 20 \u00b0. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bc\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b1 \/ \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf. \u0397 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 30m, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ae \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 75m. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u0399 (\u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5 \u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 3 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd).<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_5590\" style=\"width: 353px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5590\" class=\" wp-image-5590\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Chain-2-300x197.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"343\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Chain-2-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Chain-2.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 343px) 100vw, 343px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-5590\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 2. \u03a6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3&#8217; \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1.<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><em>\u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u0399. \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bb \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2 D \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 L \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 3. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ae \u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03b1. \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 D \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 S \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 L \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5, \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 L = 2S + D + \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0397 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 (<a href=\"#id3362862518\">13<\/a>).<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-37\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-37\" aria-describedby=\"tablepress-37-description\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">\u0391\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">\u03bb(g\/m)<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">D(cm)<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">L(cm)<\/th><th class=\"column-5\">S(cm)<\/th><th class=\"column-6\">\u03b4<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u039c\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">16,5<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,30<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">0,44<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">0<\/td><td class=\"column-6\">1,34<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">34,0<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,44<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">0,63<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">0<\/td><td class=\"column-6\">1,33<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u03a1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">22,9<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">0,30<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">1,02<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">0,30<\/td><td class=\"column-6\">0,65<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<span id=\"tablepress-37-description\" class=\"tablepress-table-description tablepress-table-description-id-37\"><\/span>\n<!-- #tablepress-37 from cache -->\n<div id=\"attachment_5603\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5603\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-5603\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Chain-3-300x235.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"235\" srcset=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Chain-3-300x235.jpg 300w, https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Chain-3.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-5603\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eik. 3. \u03a3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c5\u03c8\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bf \u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 9 cm \u00d7 9 cm \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c2 13 cm (\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 1). \u0397 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03c3\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bf \u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac (\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf) \u03cd\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 (\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7) \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1: 1,29 m, 2,35 m \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 3,57 m. \u03a0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03b2\u03af\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 &#8211; \u03b2\u03af\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf <em>Tracker<\/em>. \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b2\u03af\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c8\u03ce\u03bd\u00a0<em>h<sub>above<\/sub><\/em> ( <em>h<sub>\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9<\/sub><\/em> ) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <em>h<sub>below<\/sub><\/em> (<em>h<sub>\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 <\/sub><\/em>). \u0395\u03b4\u03ce, \u03c9\u03c2 <em>h<sub>above<\/sub><\/em> \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03c1\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <em>h<sub>above<\/sub><\/em> \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03af\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b2\u03af\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03c9\u03c2. \u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03b2\u03af\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <em>h<sub>below<\/sub><\/em>\u00a0 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ae\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf. \u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03b2\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac. \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <em>h<sub>above<\/sub><\/em> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0<em>h<sub>below<\/sub>\u00a0<\/em> \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bf \u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 <em>h<sub>above<\/sub><\/em> \/ <em>h<sub>below<\/sub>\u00a0<\/em>. \u0397 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 4.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_5608\" style=\"width: 391px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5608\" class=\"wp-image-5608\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Chain-4-236x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"381\" height=\"484\" srcset=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Chain-4-236x300.jpg 236w, https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Chain-4.jpg 393w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 381px) 100vw, 381px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-5608\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 4. \u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 (\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7) \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 <em>h<sub>below<\/sub>\u00a0<\/em>\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2. \u0397 \u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03cd\u03c8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (<em>h<sub>above<\/sub><\/em> \/ <em>h<sub>below<\/sub>\u00a0<\/em>) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (V \/ V<sub>free-fall<\/sub>). \u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 (i) \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 (ii) \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 4 \u03bf \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 V \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 V<sub>free-fall<\/sub>.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"id305765012\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 23px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (1) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c50d763735faa8a3a1b5e2da6c768715_l3.png\" height=\"23\" width=\"178\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;&#32; &#86;&#95;&#123;&#102;&#114;&#101;&#101;&#45;&#102;&#97;&#108;&#108;&#125;&#61;&#92;&#115;&#113;&#114;&#116;&#123;&#50;&#103;&#104;&#95;&#123;&#98;&#101;&#108;&#111;&#119;&#125;&#125; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>(\u0397 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c1\u03bf\u03ae). \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 V \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03af \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03be\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03a0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1 \u0394\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 PASCO. \u0397 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1 &#8211; \u03c4\u03bf (\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc) \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 W<em><sub>box\u00a0<\/sub><\/em> \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd &#8211; \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2, <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-fed071f45c34e8992849190a74d6e2c8_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#100;&#87;&#95;&#123;&#98;&#111;&#120;&#125;&#125;&#123;&#100;&#116;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"23\" width=\"39\" style=\"vertical-align: -6px;\"\/>, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0397 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"id4021174264\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 37px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (2) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-46c23eafda962483008d952341afe3dc_l3.png\" height=\"37\" width=\"106\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;&#32; &#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#100;&#87;&#95;&#123;&#98;&#111;&#120;&#125;&#125;&#123;&#100;&#116;&#125;&#61;&#92;&#108;&#97;&#109;&#98;&#100;&#97;&#32;&#103;&#32;&#86; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u038c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 g \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 W<em><sub>box\u00a0<\/sub><\/em> \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bbV<sup>2<\/sup> . \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u00a0(<a href=\"#id4021174264\">2<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>\u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 4 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9 h<sub>above<\/sub> \/ h<sub>below <\/sub> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 V \/ V<sub>free-fall<\/sub> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 II. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae h<sub>above<\/sub> \/ h<sub>below <\/sub>= 0.14, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ce, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd h<sub>below <\/sub> &lt;3,5 m.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><em>\u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 II. \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 4. \u038c\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 h<sub>above<\/sub> \/ h<sub>below <\/sub>, V \/ V<sub>free-fall. \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/sub>\u00a0 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8<sub>c<\/sub> \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0395\u03be\u03b9\u03c3. (<a href=\"#id2036988303\">19<\/a>), (<a href=\"#id1429333298\">7<\/a>) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 (<a href=\"#id1858787024\">18<\/a>) \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-38\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-38\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><th colspan=\"2\" class=\"column-2\">\u03a0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2<\/th><th colspan=\"2\" class=\"column-4\">\u0398\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">h<sub>\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9<\/sub>\/h<sub>\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9<\/sub><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">V\/V<sub>\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8. \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/sub><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">h<sub>\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9<\/sub>\/h<sub>\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9<\/sub><\/td><td class=\"column-5\">V\/V<sub>\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8. \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/sub><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u039c\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=0%2C12+%5Cpm+0%2C01&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"0,12 &#92;pm 0,01\" class=\"latex\" \/><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=0%2C70+%5Cpm+0%2C03&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"0,70 &#92;pm 0,03\" class=\"latex\" \/><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">0,13<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">0,74<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=0%2C12+%5Cpm+0%2C01&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"0,12 &#92;pm 0,01\" class=\"latex\" \/><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=0%2C69+%5Cpm+0%2C03&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"0,69 &#92;pm 0,03\" class=\"latex\" \/><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">0,13<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">0,74<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">\u03a1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=0%2C14+%5Cpm+0%2C01&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"0,14 &#92;pm 0,01\" class=\"latex\" \/><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/latex.php?latex=0%2C71+%5Cpm+0%2C04&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0&#038;c=20201002\" alt=\"0,71 &#92;pm 0,04\" class=\"latex\" \/><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">0,32<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">0,75<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-38 from cache -->\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>III. \u0398\u0395\u03a9\u03a1\u0397\u03a4\u0399\u039a\u0395\u03a3 \u0395\u03a0\u0395\u039e\u0397\u0393\u0397\u03a3\u0395\u0399\u03a3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u0391. \u0394\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4o\u03bd \u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ba\u03af\u03c4\u03c3\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 5. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1: \u03c4\u03bf (\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc) \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03c1\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03c1\u03cc. \u0388\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03ba\u03af\u03c4\u03c3\u03bf. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03be\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03ba\u03af\u03c4\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 (\u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf), \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03c1\u03cc \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 (\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b5) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03c1\u03cc \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03ac (\u03ba\u03cc\u03ba\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf).<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_5636\" style=\"width: 298px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5636\" class=\" wp-image-5636\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Chain-5-248x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"288\" height=\"348\" srcset=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Chain-5-248x300.jpg 248w, https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Chain-5.jpg 413w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 288px) 100vw, 288px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-5636\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 5. \u0394\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03c1\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af: \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 W<sub>below <\/sub> (W<sub>\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9<\/sub>) \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 F \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u039f\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03b4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2, \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03c6\u03b8\u03b5\u03af. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 (\u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae) \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 (\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7), \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u00a0 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1. \u0395\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 (\u03c3\u03b5 \u200b\u200b\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7), \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd, \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<br \/>\n<a name=\"id650183014\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 15px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (3) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-b9e7eaa54d490a69d388f1da99603f21_l3.png\" height=\"15\" width=\"87\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;&#32; &#70;&#61;&#87;&#95;&#123;&#98;&#101;&#108;&#111;&#119;&#125; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 (\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9). \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039d\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 <em>\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf<\/em> \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2. \u0391\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-97d3f07df7f0d6513d72cabb97c2fa8d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#118;&#101;&#99;&#123;&#102;&#95;&#123;&#111;&#32;&#92;&#108;&#97;&#109;&#98;&#100;&#97;&#125;&#125;&#61;&#109;&#32;&#92;&#118;&#101;&#99;&#123;&#97;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"22\" width=\"74\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/> \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5<br \/>\n<a name=\"id2854035092\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 22px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (4) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-097ebc10f4709593cdd0a4d6bda788aa_l3.png\" height=\"22\" width=\"88\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;&#32; &#92;&#118;&#101;&#99;&#123;&#102;&#95;&#123;&#111;&#32;&#92;&#108;&#97;&#109;&#98;&#100;&#97;&#125;&#125;&#61;&#81;&#32;&#92;&#68;&#101;&#108;&#116;&#97;&#32;&#92;&#118;&#101;&#99;&#123;&#92;&#110;&#117;&#125; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u038c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-bb26b39bb149d8aa19b644ac3ba6d53a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#118;&#101;&#99;&#123;&#102;&#95;&#123;&#111;&#32;&#92;&#108;&#97;&#109;&#98;&#100;&#97;&#125;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"22\" width=\"24\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae, \u03c4\u03bf Q \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c1\u03bf\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-4aecfd9eb5109e818a19db728898957d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#68;&#101;&#108;&#116;&#97;&#32;&#92;&#118;&#101;&#99;&#123;&#92;&#110;&#117;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"26\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 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class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#81;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#108;&#97;&#109;&#98;&#100;&#97;&#32;&#92;&#110;&#117;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"16\" width=\"58\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/>, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03c1\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd (\u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5 \u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 5): \u03c4\u03bf 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alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;&#32; &#50;&#70;&#43;&#87;&#95;&#123;&#97;&#98;&#111;&#118;&#101;&#125;&#61;&#50;&#32;&#92;&#108;&#97;&#109;&#98;&#100;&#97;&#32;&#86;&#94;&#50; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be. 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\u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-e85c8e02b4b96f0303fd244b39409ea7_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#70;&#39;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"14\" width=\"18\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 (\u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5 \u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 5). \u039f\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c3\u03b4\u03ae\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af. \u0397 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03b4\u03ce \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. \u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 (<a href=\"#id2854035092\">4<\/a>) \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"id3960779310\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 19px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (6) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d362d66b79a5c39804e18589d639cc7a_l3.png\" height=\"19\" width=\"109\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;&#32; &#70;&#43;&#70;&#39;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#108;&#97;&#109;&#98;&#100;&#97;&#32;&#86;&#94;&#50; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u038c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-e85c8e02b4b96f0303fd244b39409ea7_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#70;&#39;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"14\" width=\"18\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf F \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-b91882e0944900d49669a0e112ff20da_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#32;&#92;&#108;&#97;&#109;&#98;&#100;&#97;&#32;&#86;&#94;&#50;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"32\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c1\u03bf\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03be\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u00a0(<a href=\"#id3960779310\">6<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>\u039f \u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-66c7e727273dd95d32abb4ce7676019e_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#86;&#95;&#123;&#102;&#114;&#101;&#101;&#45;&#102;&#97;&#108;&#108;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"72\" style=\"vertical-align: -6px;\"\/>, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 (<a href=\"#id305765012\">1<\/a>), (<a href=\"#id650183014\">3<\/a>)\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 (<a href=\"#id1347817169\">5<\/a>) \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9<br \/>\n<a name=\"id1429333298\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 54px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (7) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-3d08ceb56fb55efb526dc1598397acba_l3.png\" height=\"54\" width=\"414\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;&#32; &#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#86;&#125;&#123;&#86;&#95;&#123;&#102;&#114;&#101;&#101;&#45;&#102;&#97;&#108;&#108;&#125;&#125;&#61;&#92;&#115;&#113;&#114;&#116;&#123;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#49;&#125;&#123;&#50;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#108;&#101;&#102;&#116;&#32;&#40;&#32;&#49;&#43;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#87;&#95;&#123;&#97;&#98;&#111;&#118;&#101;&#125;&#125;&#123;&#50;&#87;&#95;&#123;&#98;&#101;&#108;&#111;&#119;&#125;&#125;&#92;&#114;&#105;&#103;&#104;&#116;&#32;&#41;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#97;&#112;&#112;&#114;&#111;&#120;&#32;&#92;&#115;&#113;&#114;&#116;&#123;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#49;&#125;&#123;&#50;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#108;&#101;&#102;&#116;&#32;&#40;&#32;&#49;&#43;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#104;&#95;&#123;&#97;&#98;&#111;&#118;&#101;&#125;&#125;&#123;&#104;&#95;&#123;&#98;&#101;&#108;&#111;&#119;&#125;&#125;&#92;&#114;&#105;&#103;&#104;&#116;&#32;&#41;&#125; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03be. (<a href=\"#id1429333298\">7<\/a>) \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-bbe6824b4b8cd82fa6aa62311017e774_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#87;&#95;&#123;&#98;&#101;&#108;&#111;&#119;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#97;&#112;&#112;&#114;&#111;&#120;&#32;&#92;&#108;&#97;&#109;&#98;&#100;&#97;&#32;&#104;&#95;&#123;&#98;&#101;&#108;&#111;&#119;&#125;&#32;&#103;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"17\" width=\"138\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-1feae519bee893385dfcc0baf35875fc_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#87;&#95;&#123;&#97;&#98;&#111;&#118;&#101;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#97;&#112;&#112;&#114;&#111;&#120;&#32;&#92;&#108;&#97;&#109;&#98;&#100;&#97;&#32;&#50;&#104;&#95;&#123;&#97;&#98;&#111;&#118;&#101;&#125;&#32;&#103;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"17\" width=\"147\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/>, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af. \u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u0395\u03be. (<a href=\"#id1429333298\">7<\/a>) \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 4 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf. \u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03be. (<a href=\"#id1429333298\">7<\/a>) \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03be. (<a href=\"#id3960779310\">6<\/a>), \u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-1219e774e6f243758da7675f846f8b79_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#86;&#32;&#47;&#32;&#86;&#95;&#123;&#102;&#114;&#101;&#101;&#45;&#102;&#97;&#108;&#108;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"93\" style=\"vertical-align: -6px;\"\/> \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 (<a href=\"#id1429333298\">7<\/a>), \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-14450d78c59419fec521938f561f9c17_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#104;&#95;&#123;&#97;&#98;&#111;&#118;&#101;&#125;&#32;&#47;&#32;&#104;&#95;&#123;&#98;&#101;&#108;&#111;&#119;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"97\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>, \u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 II. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2. \u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03c5\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7. \u0397 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f (\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2) \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03cd\u03c8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 (<a href=\"#id650183014\">3<\/a>), (<a href=\"#id1347817169\">5<\/a>) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 (<a href=\"#id3960779310\">6<\/a>) \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"id3472584090\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 40px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (8) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-db05b8bef7d8728caa666d93fbf57973_l3.png\" height=\"40\" width=\"178\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;&#32; &#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#70;&#125;&#123;&#70;&#39;&#125;&#61;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#87;&#95;&#123;&#97;&#98;&#111;&#118;&#101;&#125;&#125;&#123;&#50;&#87;&#95;&#123;&#98;&#101;&#108;&#111;&#119;&#125;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#97;&#112;&#112;&#114;&#111;&#120;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#104;&#95;&#123;&#97;&#98;&#111;&#118;&#101;&#125;&#125;&#123;&#104;&#95;&#123;&#98;&#101;&#108;&#111;&#119;&#125;&#125;&#125; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u038c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5 \u03bb\u03ae\u03c6\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9. \u0397 \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 (<a href=\"#id3472584090\">8<\/a>) \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c5\u03c8\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03c1\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-e85c8e02b4b96f0303fd244b39409ea7_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#70;&#39;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"14\" width=\"18\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-e85c8e02b4b96f0303fd244b39409ea7_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#70;&#39;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"14\" width=\"18\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03ad\u03bb\u03be\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 F \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-e85c8e02b4b96f0303fd244b39409ea7_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#70;&#39;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"14\" width=\"18\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf 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\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03be\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03ae \u03ad\u03be\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c1\u03cc. \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-66c7e727273dd95d32abb4ce7676019e_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#86;&#95;&#123;&#102;&#114;&#101;&#101;&#45;&#102;&#97;&#108;&#108;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"72\" style=\"vertical-align: -6px;\"\/>, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c1\u03bf\u03ae. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03b7 \u0395\u03be. (<a href=\"#id1429333298\">7<\/a>) \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-db3a7b3215975bf8907cc6d456f7dfa5_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#86;&#32;&#47;&#32;&#86;&#95;&#123;&#102;&#114;&#101;&#101;&#45;&#102;&#97;&#108;&#108;&#125;&#60;&#49;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"126\" style=\"vertical-align: -6px;\"\/>, \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f7ef88e9ba98d4fe87c3f14b25424615_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#104;&#95;&#123;&#97;&#98;&#111;&#118;&#101;&#125;&#32;&#47;&#32;&#104;&#95;&#123;&#98;&#101;&#108;&#111;&#119;&#125;&#60;&#49;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"129\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>. \u039f \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c5\u03c8\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03c1\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-2ade9c9648576b0b525671dbe157502a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#69;&#95;&#123;&#116;&#111;&#116;&#97;&#108;&#125;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#70;&#76;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"92\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/>, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c5\u03c8\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 F \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 L \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1 (\u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5 \u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 3, L \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b6\u03b5\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2). \u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-e85c8e02b4b96f0303fd244b39409ea7_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#70;&#39;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"14\" width=\"18\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03b1. To \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b7, <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-cb5d0ea1da45e95d7f12996d902f42a2_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#69;&#95;&#123;&#116;&#111;&#116;&#97;&#108;&#125;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#69;&#95;&#123;&#116;&#114;&#97;&#110;&#115;&#125;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#69;&#95;&#123;&#114;&#111;&#116;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"167\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/>, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2, (<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-cc9bbc829a4b3d11d292f7b81d40ceab_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#69;&#95;&#123;&#116;&#114;&#97;&#110;&#115;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"46\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/>), \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2\u00a0(<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-5f280dd1d5085d476a6025a67114a256_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#69;&#95;&#123;&#114;&#111;&#116;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"32\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/>) \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5. To \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03b7 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7, <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-fffb41c1f9fa2c8bfbe19989a9b015db_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#69;&#95;&#123;&#116;&#114;&#97;&#110;&#115;&#125;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#40;&#70;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#70;&#32;&#39;&#41;&#32;&#40;&#76;&#32;&#47;&#32;&#50;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"182\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>. \u0395\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2, <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0c735a9cbd3cf86bd98e38f7e70e7665_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#49;&#47;&#50;&#77;&#86;&#94;&#50;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"20\" width=\"66\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> (\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 M \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5), \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bb = M \/ L, \u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd\u00a0 \u0395\u03be. (<a href=\"#id3960779310\">6<\/a>). \u0395\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2. \u0397 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7, \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-eb7f1b0945def11f268deaf09012af2a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#69;&#95;&#123;&#114;&#111;&#116;&#125;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#40;&#70;&#32;&#45;&#32;&#70;&#32;&#39;&#41;&#32;&#40;&#76;&#32;&#47;&#32;&#50;&#41;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"167\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-cabf1eabc79f95b5c665b42800c7c1dc_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#69;&#95;&#123;&#116;&#111;&#116;&#97;&#108;&#125;&#32;&#45;&#32;&#69;&#95;&#123;&#116;&#114;&#97;&#110;&#115;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"109\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/>. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \/ \u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4&#8217; \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1. \u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ce \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u0395\u03be. (<a href=\"#id1347817169\">5<\/a>) \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 (\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-77d385ae035ae50c39cf800acfd585fb_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#87;&#95;&#123;&#97;&#98;&#111;&#118;&#101;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#97;&#112;&#112;&#114;&#111;&#120;&#32;&#48;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"84\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/>) \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ebcc76042d3e10651c048b555aa975ec_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#84;&#32;&#92;&#97;&#112;&#112;&#114;&#111;&#120;&#32;&#92;&#108;&#97;&#109;&#98;&#100;&#97;&#32;&#86;&#94;&#50;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"68\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a4 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ae. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ae \u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03b4\u03ae \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b2\u03c1\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u0392. \u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5-\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 (\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03c1\u03cc) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc. \u0395\u03b4\u03ce, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf (\u03ba\u03bf\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2) \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 3. \u0397 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039d\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"id3438882375\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 37px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (9) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ba565a38ff74da267283bba833f89bb4_l3.png\" height=\"37\" width=\"112\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;&#32; &#102;&#43;&#102;&#39;&#61;&#32;&#77;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#100;&#32;&#92;&#110;&#117;&#125;&#123;&#100;&#116;&#125; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u038c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 M \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5, v \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 (\u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7) \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039a\u03b5\u03c6. \u0399\u0399\u0399 \u0391 (\u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-2510519bbe1660dfdffb4195c7287343_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#70;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-5d3c17afb467b1767ff5ae21041a4344_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#70;&#32;&#39;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"14\" width=\"18\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2, <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-01cb981325367e23e152fec26acac4e5_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#70;&#61;&#92;&#108;&#97;&#110;&#103;&#108;&#101;&#32;&#102;&#32;&#92;&#114;&#97;&#110;&#103;&#108;&#101;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"60\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-03ee5298c345a60eb0741dfa63a8e583_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#70;&#39;&#61;&#92;&#108;&#97;&#110;&#103;&#108;&#101;&#32;&#102;&#32;&#92;&#114;&#97;&#110;&#103;&#108;&#101;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"65\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 V \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5, <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-3e9ff6cad4e4a399c81f980d5d67edfe_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#86;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#86;&#95;&#123;&#102;&#105;&#110;&#97;&#108;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"80\" style=\"vertical-align: -6px;\"\/>.) \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"id2702291967\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 43px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (10) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-b2220cfbe002e711feca569e7bf56cc4_l3.png\" height=\"43\" width=\"290\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;&#32; &#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#091;&#32;&#102;&#32;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#40;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#76;&#43;&#68;&#125;&#123;&#50;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#41;&#32;&#45;&#32;&#102;&#39;&#32;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#40;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#76;&#125;&#123;&#50;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#41;&#32;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#093;&#32;&#99;&#111;&#115;&#32;&#92;&#116;&#104;&#101;&#116;&#97;&#32;&#61;&#73;&#95;&#123;&#99;&#109;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#100;&#32;&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;&#125;&#123;&#100;&#116;&#125; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u038c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c9 = d\u03b8 \/ dt \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ad164ffe0d0fa4225aa61c0afd4d5a8e_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#73;&#95;&#123;&#99;&#109;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"26\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 (\u03b2\u03bb. \u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 3),<\/p>\n<p>\u0398\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u0395\u03be. (<a href=\"#id2702291967\">10<\/a>) \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ac\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae, \u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae. \u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1. \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7. \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b6\u03b5\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 (<a href=\"#id3438882375\">9<\/a>)\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 (<a href=\"#id2702291967\">10<\/a>), \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 (\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03c1\u03cc). \u038c\u03c3\u03bf \u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf, \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"id2530203421\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 37px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (11) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d362532077bea9ce96db1ed8b0dc4daf_l3.png\" height=\"37\" width=\"200\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;&#32; &#92;&#110;&#117;&#95;&#123;&#98;&#111;&#116;&#116;&#111;&#109;&#125;&#61;&#92;&#110;&#117;&#45;&#32;&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#76;&#125;&#123;&#50;&#125;&#32;&#99;&#111;&#115;&#32;&#92;&#116;&#104;&#101;&#116;&#97;&#32;&#61;&#48; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2\u00a0 (<a href=\"#id3438882375\">9<\/a>)-(<a href=\"#id2530203421\">11<\/a>) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c51071e7f83688fd795a68f01f2d1b64_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#102;&#39;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"15\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/> \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03b8 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c9, \u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"id1213090655\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 45px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (12) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-3296b9008628ba9263eebcc2fadd169e_l3.png\" height=\"45\" width=\"468\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;&#32; &#102;&#39;&#61;&#32;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#40;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#49;&#43;&#68;&#47;&#76;&#45;&#92;&#100;&#101;&#108;&#116;&#97;&#125;&#123;&#49;&#43;&#92;&#100;&#101;&#108;&#116;&#97;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#41;&#102;&#45;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#40;&#50;&#43;&#68;&#47;&#76;&#41;&#32;&#92;&#100;&#101;&#108;&#116;&#97;&#32;&#115;&#105;&#110;&#94;&#50;&#32;&#92;&#116;&#104;&#101;&#116;&#97;&#125;&#123;&#40;&#99;&#111;&#115;&#94;&#50;&#32;&#92;&#116;&#104;&#101;&#116;&#97;&#43;&#32;&#92;&#100;&#101;&#108;&#116;&#97;&#41;&#40;&#49;&#43;&#92;&#100;&#101;&#108;&#116;&#97;&#41;&#125;&#102;&#45;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#92;&#100;&#101;&#108;&#116;&#97;&#32;&#77;&#76;&#32;&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;&#94;&#50;&#32;&#115;&#105;&#110;&#32;&#92;&#116;&#104;&#101;&#116;&#97;&#125;&#123;&#50;&#40;&#99;&#111;&#115;&#94;&#50;&#32;&#92;&#116;&#104;&#101;&#116;&#97;&#43;&#32;&#92;&#100;&#101;&#108;&#116;&#97;&#41;&#125; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"id3362862518\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 37px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (13) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-4a2356e08fb14c7b493c22b6534054f7_l3.png\" height=\"37\" width=\"73\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;&#32; &#92;&#100;&#101;&#108;&#116;&#97;&#32;&#61;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#52;&#73;&#95;&#123;&#99;&#109;&#125;&#125;&#123;&#77;&#76;&#94;&#50;&#125; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 (\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf) \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 (<a href=\"#id1213090655\">12<\/a>) \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, f &#8216;(\u03b8 = 0), \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03bf\u03b9 &#8220;\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9&#8221; \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03af. \u039f \u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03af\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1, \u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf f \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c51071e7f83688fd795a68f01f2d1b64_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#102;&#39;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"15\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/>. \u039f \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03ac\u03c7\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03ac\u03c7\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 3 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03bf\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd (\u03ba\u03bf\u03af\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd) \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd, \u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03b4 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"id2076767666\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 46px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (14) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-984986417fffc88f372ef54d4eeaf891_l3.png\" height=\"46\" width=\"127\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;&#32; &#92;&#100;&#101;&#108;&#116;&#97;&#32;&#92;&#97;&#112;&#112;&#114;&#111;&#120;&#32;&#49;&#43;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#50;&#125;&#123;&#51;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#40;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#68;&#125;&#123;&#76;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#41;&#94;&#50; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 3, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf. \u039a\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf (\u03ba\u03bf\u03af\u03bb\u03b1) \u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf. \u039f \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03b4 \u03c9\u03c2<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"id421002580\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 47px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (15) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-76b0b5c5a8bc1a9596f3a982d66cafca_l3.png\" height=\"47\" width=\"594\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;&#32; &#92;&#100;&#101;&#108;&#116;&#97;&#32;&#92;&#97;&#112;&#112;&#114;&#111;&#120;&#32;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#40;&#49;&#45;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#83;&#125;&#123;&#76;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#41;&#94;&#50;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#77;&#95;&#115;&#125;&#123;&#77;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#091;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#50;&#125;&#123;&#51;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#40;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#68;&#125;&#123;&#76;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#41;&#94;&#50;&#32;&#43;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#40;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#83;&#125;&#123;&#76;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#41;&#32;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#40;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#68;&#125;&#123;&#76;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#41;&#43;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#40;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#83;&#125;&#123;&#76;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#41;&#94;&#50;&#32;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#093;&#43;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#77;&#95;&#99;&#125;&#123;&#77;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#091;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#49;&#125;&#123;&#50;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#40;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#68;&#125;&#123;&#76;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#41;&#94;&#50;&#32;&#43;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#49;&#125;&#123;&#51;&#125;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#40;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#83;&#125;&#123;&#76;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#41;&#94;&#50;&#32;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#093; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u038c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-74beef1eae79a9df4450279dc455af07_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#77;&#95;&#83;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"26\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1, <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-6028365d80fad7f7cad65c3bbc48409a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#77;&#95;&#67;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"28\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af (\u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-e5d32fb697f1f909482c18b0270ad17c_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#77;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#77;&#95;&#83;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#77;&#95;&#67;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"120\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/>). \u0398\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03ce\u03bd, \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-3470aa7ac3d65bea82dde21f2cd72981_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#77;&#95;&#83;&#32;&#92;&#112;&#114;&#111;&#112;&#116;&#111;&#32;&#92;&#112;&#105;&#32;&#68;&#94;&#50;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"84\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-8382b09f90922ab736344c58001bf54b_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#77;&#95;&#67;&#32;&#92;&#112;&#114;&#111;&#112;&#116;&#111;&#32;&#92;&#112;&#105;&#32;&#68;&#83;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"90\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/>.\u00a0\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ce \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2\u00a0(<a href=\"#id2076767666\">14<\/a>) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 (<a href=\"#id421002580\">15<\/a>) \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u0399.<\/p>\n<p>\u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 (\u03b8 = 0) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 (\u03c9 = 0) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u00a0(<a href=\"#id1213090655\">12<\/a>) \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c51071e7f83688fd795a68f01f2d1b64_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#102;&#39;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"15\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2, \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b8 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03be. (<a href=\"#id1213090655\">12<\/a>) \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c51071e7f83688fd795a68f01f2d1b64_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#102;&#39;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"15\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/>. \u03a0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0 \/ 2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-27895beb42d02223bfdc25189ab86c3c_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#116;&#104;&#101;&#116;&#97;&#95;&#99;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/> \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-7723c16572035a02242705a1500881bc_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#102;&#39;&#61;&#32;&#48;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"48\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/>. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 (\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2) \u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u200b\u200b\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf, \u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd (<a href=\"#id2530203421\">11<\/a>) \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd. \u03a9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u0395\u03be.\u00a0(<a href=\"#id1213090655\">12<\/a>) \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd. \u039c\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c5\u03c8\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 f \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03cd\u03c8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 (<a href=\"#id3472584090\">8<\/a>), \u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c51071e7f83688fd795a68f01f2d1b64_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#102;&#39;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"15\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5. \u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 (<a href=\"#id1213090655\">12<\/a>) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b2\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ae \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8 = 0 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03be. (<a href=\"#id1213090655\">12<\/a>), \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 f \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf (\u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 f = F), \u03b7 \u0395\u03be.(<a href=\"#id2702291967\">10<\/a>) \u00a0 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"id85742415\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 43px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (16) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-365d611eb532b4f9e1db917fd949b90e_l3.png\" height=\"43\" width=\"234\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;&#32; &#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;&#94;&#50;&#32;&#92;&#97;&#112;&#112;&#114;&#111;&#120;&#32;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#40;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#52;&#70;&#125;&#123;&#77;&#76;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#41;&#32;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#40;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#50;&#43;&#68;&#47;&#76;&#125;&#123;&#49;&#43;&#92;&#100;&#101;&#108;&#116;&#97;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#41;&#32;&#115;&#105;&#110;&#32;&#92;&#116;&#104;&#101;&#116;&#97; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 f \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 f \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-1b247d0f5247396e2d96f6e381adec2e_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#111;&#109;&#101;&#103;&#97;&#94;&#50;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"19\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03be. (<a href=\"#id1213090655\">12<\/a>) \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"id34838488\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 43px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (17) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d9806e8d815aeb7c3b299b05957ac393_l3.png\" height=\"43\" width=\"305\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;&#32; &#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#102;&#39;&#125;&#123;&#70;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#97;&#112;&#112;&#114;&#111;&#120;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#49;&#43;&#68;&#47;&#76;&#45;&#32;&#92;&#100;&#101;&#108;&#116;&#97;&#125;&#123;&#49;&#43;&#92;&#100;&#101;&#108;&#116;&#97;&#125;&#45;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#51;&#40;&#50;&#43;&#68;&#47;&#76;&#41;&#32;&#92;&#100;&#101;&#108;&#116;&#97;&#32;&#115;&#105;&#110;&#94;&#50;&#32;&#92;&#116;&#104;&#101;&#116;&#97;&#125;&#123;&#40;&#99;&#111;&#115;&#94;&#50;&#32;&#92;&#116;&#104;&#101;&#116;&#97;&#43;&#32;&#92;&#100;&#101;&#108;&#116;&#97;&#41;&#40;&#49;&#43;&#92;&#100;&#101;&#108;&#116;&#97;&#41;&#125; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, \u03b8\u03ad\u03c4o\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f9aa4f823712783027d050e642b2e269_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#102;&#39;&#61;&#48;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"48\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/>, \u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"id1858787024\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 43px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (18) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-cb8b851f69d94fe9336c1e1ec929d8a7_l3.png\" height=\"43\" width=\"254\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;&#32; &#115;&#105;&#110;&#94;&#50;&#32;&#92;&#116;&#104;&#101;&#116;&#97;&#32;&#92;&#97;&#112;&#112;&#114;&#111;&#120;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#40;&#49;&#43;&#68;&#47;&#76;&#45;&#92;&#100;&#101;&#108;&#116;&#97;&#41;&#40;&#49;&#43;&#92;&#100;&#101;&#108;&#116;&#97;&#41;&#125;&#123;&#49;&#43;&#68;&#47;&#76;&#43;&#92;&#100;&#101;&#108;&#116;&#97;&#40;&#53;&#43;&#51;&#68;&#47;&#76;&#41;&#125; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 (\u03b7 \u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1. \u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-5b42f2573ac2aa1d42be25520692da40_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#104;&#95;&#123;&#98;&#101;&#108;&#111;&#119;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"16\" width=\"44\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c5\u03ba\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bb \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd D \/ L \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ce, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 (<a href=\"#id1858787024\">18<\/a>), \u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 II. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u03a0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd, \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bc\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1, \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2. \u0394\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 (<a href=\"#id34838488\">17<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-b1553878762aa98bc9d88e3aec0fa4bd_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#99;&#111;&#115;&#94;&#50;&#32;&#92;&#116;&#104;&#101;&#116;&#97;&#32;&#92;&#97;&#112;&#112;&#114;&#111;&#120;&#32;&#49;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"16\" width=\"73\" style=\"vertical-align: -1px;\"\/> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-7b08705d49a4cc01baed44dd3d1b0e8d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#115;&#105;&#110;&#94;&#50;&#32;&#92;&#116;&#104;&#101;&#116;&#97;&#32;&#92;&#97;&#112;&#112;&#114;&#111;&#120;&#32;&#92;&#116;&#104;&#101;&#116;&#97;&#94;&#50;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"81\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/><br \/>\n\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 (<a href=\"#id34838488\">17<\/a>) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5, \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 (<a href=\"#id85742415\">16<\/a>), \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03ac\u03c7\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1. \u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9, <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0a73645b61eef245e6db508c00759c25_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#116;&#104;&#101;&#116;&#97;&#32;&#92;&#112;&#114;&#111;&#112;&#116;&#111;&#32;&#116;&#94;&#50;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"45\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-1e8f7bda412211cff9edc4c008bd9073_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#116;&#104;&#101;&#116;&#97;&#94;&#50;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"16\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0d4200fe33673349f035099da6c9a177_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#123;&#92;&#116;&#104;&#101;&#116;&#97;&#95;&#99;&#125;&#94;&#50;&#32;&#47;&#32;&#53;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"21\" width=\"40\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>. \u039f \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c8\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03be. (<a href=\"#id3472584090\">8<\/a>) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"id2036988303\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 43px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> (19) <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c1f49a936d4da12ecde1125e70979215_l3.png\" height=\"43\" width=\"464\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#101;&#103;&#105;&#110;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;&#32; &#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#104;&#95;&#123;&#97;&#98;&#111;&#118;&#101;&#125;&#125;&#123;&#104;&#95;&#123;&#98;&#101;&#108;&#111;&#119;&#125;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#97;&#112;&#112;&#114;&#111;&#120;&#32;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#40;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#49;&#43;&#68;&#47;&#76;&#45;&#92;&#100;&#101;&#108;&#116;&#97;&#125;&#123;&#49;&#43;&#92;&#100;&#101;&#108;&#116;&#97;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#41;&#32;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#92;&#123;&#49;&#45;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#51;&#125;&#123;&#53;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#40;&#50;&#43;&#68;&#47;&#76;&#41;&#92;&#100;&#101;&#108;&#116;&#97;&#125;&#123;&#091;&#49;&#43;&#68;&#47;&#76;&#43;&#92;&#100;&#101;&#108;&#116;&#97;&#40;&#53;&#43;&#51;&#68;&#47;&#76;&#41;&#093;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#103;&#32;&#92;&#125; &#92;&#101;&#110;&#100;&#123;&#101;&#113;&#117;&#97;&#116;&#105;&#111;&#110;&#42;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03cc \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (<a href=\"#id2036988303\">19<\/a>) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-5b42f2573ac2aa1d42be25520692da40_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#104;&#95;&#123;&#98;&#101;&#108;&#111;&#119;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"16\" width=\"44\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u039f \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c51071e7f83688fd795a68f01f2d1b64_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#102;&#39;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"15\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/> \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03be. (<a href=\"#id1213090655\">12<\/a>). \u03a0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd 19% \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03b7\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u00a0(<a href=\"#id2036988303\">19<\/a>) \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03c2. \u039f \u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 1 + \u03b4 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf. \u038c\u03c3\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03b7 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf. \u0395\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd, \u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 1 + D \/ L-\u03b4 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4 = 1 + D \/ L, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf &#8220;\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2&#8221; \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 f. \u03a4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03b9\u03b6\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03ac. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ac\u03be\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 (\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03b9\u03b6\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c4\u03bf \u03be\u03af\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2). \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 f, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-7723c16572035a02242705a1500881bc_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#102;&#39;&#61;&#32;&#48;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"48\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"\/>, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03cd\u03c8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 (<a href=\"#id3472584090\">8<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-14450d78c59419fec521938f561f9c17_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#104;&#95;&#123;&#97;&#98;&#111;&#118;&#101;&#125;&#32;&#47;&#32;&#104;&#95;&#123;&#98;&#101;&#108;&#111;&#119;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"97\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 (<a href=\"#id2036988303\">19<\/a>) \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 II. \u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 II \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-14450d78c59419fec521938f561f9c17_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#104;&#95;&#123;&#97;&#98;&#111;&#118;&#101;&#125;&#32;&#47;&#32;&#104;&#95;&#123;&#98;&#101;&#108;&#111;&#119;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"97\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>IV. \u03a3\u03a5\u0396\u0397\u03a4\u0397\u03a3\u0397<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u0391. \u03a0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf <em>h<sub>above<\/sub>\/h<sub>below<\/sub><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ce \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-14450d78c59419fec521938f561f9c17_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#104;&#95;&#123;&#97;&#98;&#111;&#118;&#101;&#125;&#32;&#47;&#32;&#104;&#95;&#123;&#98;&#101;&#108;&#111;&#119;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"97\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 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\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-14450d78c59419fec521938f561f9c17_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#104;&#95;&#123;&#97;&#98;&#111;&#118;&#101;&#125;&#32;&#47;&#32;&#104;&#95;&#123;&#98;&#101;&#108;&#111;&#119;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"97\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 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\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ce \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039a\u03b5\u03c6. \u0399\u0399\u0399 \u0391 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2). \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-14450d78c59419fec521938f561f9c17_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#104;&#95;&#123;&#97;&#98;&#111;&#118;&#101;&#125;&#32;&#47;&#32;&#104;&#95;&#123;&#98;&#101;&#108;&#111;&#119;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"97\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>. \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \/ \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03c3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 (<a href=\"#id2076767666\">14<\/a>) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 (<a href=\"#id421002580\">15<\/a>) \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf M \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ad164ffe0d0fa4225aa61c0afd4d5a8e_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#73;&#95;&#123;&#99;&#109;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"26\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-14450d78c59419fec521938f561f9c17_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#104;&#95;&#123;&#97;&#98;&#111;&#118;&#101;&#125;&#32;&#47;&#32;&#104;&#95;&#123;&#98;&#101;&#108;&#111;&#119;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"97\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (<a href=\"#id2036988303\">19<\/a>) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-14450d78c59419fec521938f561f9c17_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#104;&#95;&#123;&#97;&#98;&#111;&#118;&#101;&#125;&#32;&#47;&#32;&#104;&#95;&#123;&#98;&#101;&#108;&#111;&#119;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"97\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-14450d78c59419fec521938f561f9c17_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#104;&#95;&#123;&#97;&#98;&#111;&#118;&#101;&#125;&#32;&#47;&#32;&#104;&#95;&#123;&#98;&#101;&#108;&#111;&#119;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"97\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc. \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039a\u03b5\u03c6. \u0399\u0399\u0399 \u0391 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-14450d78c59419fec521938f561f9c17_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#104;&#95;&#123;&#97;&#98;&#111;&#118;&#101;&#125;&#32;&#47;&#32;&#104;&#95;&#123;&#98;&#101;&#108;&#111;&#119;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"97\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0394\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u0392. \u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u03a5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-14450d78c59419fec521938f561f9c17_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#104;&#95;&#123;&#97;&#98;&#111;&#118;&#101;&#125;&#32;&#47;&#32;&#104;&#95;&#123;&#98;&#101;&#108;&#111;&#119;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"97\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>. \u03a0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c3&#8217; \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3&#8217; \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1. \u0397 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7 \u03ad\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03b4\u03ae, <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f28924568163622b5b1c24cbdff6e67c_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#115;&#113;&#114;&#116;&#123;&#84;&#47;&#92;&#108;&#97;&#109;&#98;&#100;&#97;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"22\" width=\"49\" style=\"vertical-align: -6px;\"\/>, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a4 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ae \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ebcc76042d3e10651c048b555aa975ec_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#84;&#32;&#92;&#97;&#112;&#112;&#114;&#111;&#120;&#32;&#92;&#108;&#97;&#109;&#98;&#100;&#97;&#32;&#86;&#94;&#50;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"68\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>. \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03af\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 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src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-e85c8e02b4b96f0303fd244b39409ea7_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#70;&#39;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"14\" width=\"18\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5. \u039c\u03af\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 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\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ce.<\/p>\n<p>\u0386\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03b4\u03ce \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4 &#8216;\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae\u03bd, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03af \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd 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\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03b7, \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039a\u03b5\u03c6. III A \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 (<a href=\"#id2036988303\">19<\/a>). \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 15 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7. \u0397 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 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\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03be\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f \u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2, \u03b7 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\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>V. \u03a3\u03a5\u039c\u03a0\u0395\u03a1\u0391\u03a3\u039c\u0391\u03a4\u0391<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039d\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 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src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-14450d78c59419fec521938f561f9c17_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#104;&#95;&#123;&#97;&#98;&#111;&#118;&#101;&#125;&#32;&#47;&#32;&#104;&#95;&#123;&#98;&#101;&#108;&#111;&#119;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"97\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-14450d78c59419fec521938f561f9c17_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#104;&#95;&#123;&#97;&#98;&#111;&#118;&#101;&#125;&#32;&#47;&#32;&#104;&#95;&#123;&#98;&#101;&#108;&#111;&#119;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"97\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/>, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ce, \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03b4\u03ae\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 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\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-14450d78c59419fec521938f561f9c17_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#104;&#95;&#123;&#97;&#98;&#111;&#118;&#101;&#125;&#32;&#47;&#32;&#104;&#95;&#123;&#98;&#101;&#108;&#111;&#119;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"97\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"\/> \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 (<a href=\"#id2036988303\">19<\/a>), \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf. \u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ae \u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 (<a href=\"#id1858787024\">18<\/a>). \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 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\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b1\u03ca\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"m&#97;&#x69;lt&#x6f;&#x3a;g&#97;&#x69;&#x73;i&#100;&#x69;s&#64;&#x76;&#x69;e&#119;&#x6f;&#x6e;p&#104;&#x79;si&#x63;&#x73;.g&#x72;\">&#103;&#x61;i&#x73;i&#x64;i&#115;&#x40;&#118;&#x69;e&#x77;o&#x6e;p&#104;&#x79;s&#x69;c&#x73;.&#x67;&#x72;<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/img_1494.jpg\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/img_1494.jpg\" alt=\"img_1494\" width=\"127\" height=\"120\" \/><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px\/20px 'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c no-repeat scroll 3px 50% \/ 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">\u039a\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px\/20px 'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c no-repeat scroll 3px 50% \/ 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">\u039a\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px\/20px 'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c no-repeat scroll 3px 50% \/ 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">\u039a\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px\/20px 'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,sans-serif; color: #ffffff; background: #bd081c  no-repeat scroll 3px 50% \/ 14px 14px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; z-index: 8675309; display: none; cursor: pointer;\">\u039a\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u03a4\u03bf\u03c5 J. Pantaleone \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf American Journal of Physics \u03a0\u0395\u03a1\u0399\u039b\u0397\u03a8\u0397 \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c1\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03b4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 &#8220;\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2&#8221; \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5636,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5562","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-34"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Chain-5.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4sIra-1rI","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5562","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5562"}],"version-history":[{"count":145,"href":"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5562\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6001,"href":"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5562\/revisions\/6001"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5636"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5562"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5562"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5562"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}