{"id":45,"date":"2012-12-17T20:54:00","date_gmt":"2012-12-17T18:54:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/?p=45"},"modified":"2015-02-23T02:10:01","modified_gmt":"2015-02-23T00:10:01","slug":"%ce%ba%ce%b1%ce%b8%ce%bf%cf%81%ce%af%ce%b6%ce%bf%ce%bd%cf%84%ce%b1%cf%82-%cf%84%ce%bf-%ce%ba%ce%ad%ce%bd%cf%84%cf%81%ce%bf-%ce%b2%ce%ac%cf%81%ce%bf%cf%85%cf%82-%ce%bf-%cf%87%ce%bf%cf%81%cf%8c%cf%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/?p=45","title":{"rendered":"\u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u039a\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u0392\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2: \u039f \u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae\u03c2"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">The Physics Teacher Magazine<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">By Nuri Balta <span style=\"font-size: large;\">*<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac,\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2. \u03a7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b2\u03cc\u03c1\u03b1 \u00a0\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd, \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2. \u039f Greenslade \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 14 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf &#8220;\u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b4\u03ac\u03c7\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03b1.&#8221; \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03c9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u00a0&#8220;\u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b4\u03ac\u03c7\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03b1&#8221; .<br \/>\n<b><i>\u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b4\u03ac\u03c7\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03b1\u00a0<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u039a\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf \u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 1 (\u03b1). \u00a0\u03a1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03cd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ac\u03c7\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_896\" style=\"width: 487px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/cm1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-896\" class=\" wp-image-896 \" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/cm1.jpg\" alt=\"cm1\" width=\"477\" height=\"152\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-896\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 1(\u03b1). \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5<br \/>\u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 1(\u03b2). \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1.<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!--more-->\u03a4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ac\u03c7\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b9\u03bf. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ac\u03c7\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ce : &#8220;\u0395\u03ba\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc, \u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03b2\u03b7;&#8221; \u0397 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9. \u03a4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bb\u03ad\u03c9, &#8220;\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03ba\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03be\u03b7&#8221;, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ce \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5, \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03cc, \u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 1 (\u03b2). \u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9: &#8220;\u0391\u03bd \u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ac\u03c7\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5;&#8221; \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9, \u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9, \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bb\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9, \u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1. 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\u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf<\/i><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf. \u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u200b\u200b\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u00a0\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b2\u03ad\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ac\u03c7\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf \u03ae \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ac\u03c7\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae \u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_897\" style=\"width: 443px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/cm2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-897\" class=\"wp-image-897 \" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/cm2.jpg\" alt=\"cm2\" width=\"433\" height=\"240\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-897\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 2. \u03a4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9 \u03ae \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf \u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u00a0\u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf. \u00a0\u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ac\u03c7\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf \u03ae \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c0\u03b1.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"><b><i>\u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1. \u03a4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1, \u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc &#8211; \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b7, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03cc, \u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf (\u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 3). \u0394\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ce\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ac\u03c7\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_898\" style=\"width: 439px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/cm3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-898\" class=\" wp-image-898 \" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/cm3.jpg\" alt=\"cm3\" width=\"429\" height=\"232\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-898\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 3 . \u03a4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc \u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf \u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03bf \u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf <strong>\u03b4\u03b5\u03be\u03af<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong><i>\u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">\u039c\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1, \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 4, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ac\u03c7\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_899\" style=\"width: 439px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/cm4.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-899\" class=\" wp-image-899 \" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/cm4.jpg\" alt=\"cm4\" width=\"429\" height=\"189\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-899\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 4. \u03a4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc<\/p><\/div>\n<div><b style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"><i>\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ac\u03c7\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03b1\u00a0<\/i><\/b><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">\u03a0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1 \u03ae \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03ba\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c3&#8217; \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae, \u03af\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc (\u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 5), \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ac\u03c7\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03c4\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5. \u03a3\u03b9\u03b3\u03ac-\u03c3\u03b9\u03b3\u03ac \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03ad\u03c8\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ac\u03c7\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ac\u03c7\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03be\u03b7\u03c1\u03ac. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03be\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ac\u03c7\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac \u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b4\u03ac\u03c7\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03be\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03ba\u03b1, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03c6\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_900\" style=\"width: 370px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/cm5.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-900\" class=\" wp-image-900 \" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/cm5.jpg\" alt=\"cm5\" width=\"360\" height=\"239\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-900\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 5. \u0395\u03bd\u03b1 \u03be\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03b1<\/p><\/div>\n<div><b style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"><i>\u03a4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03be\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2\u00a0<\/i><\/b><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\"><span style=\"font-family: Helvetica;\">\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2. \u03a0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 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\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9: &#8220;\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b1;&#8221; \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03be\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd. \u0391\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7: \u03b7 \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_901\" style=\"width: 428px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/cm6.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-901\" class=\" wp-image-901  \" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/cm6.jpg\" alt=\"cm6\" width=\"418\" height=\"187\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-901\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 6. \u03a4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03be\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2(\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c8\u03b7)<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175, 192, 227, 0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77, 128, 180, 0.230469); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.296875); font-family: Helvetica; text-align: -webkit-auto;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><b>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1<\/b><\/span>: \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac (\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf) \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7.<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"-webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175, 192, 227, 0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77, 128, 180, 0.230469); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.296875); font-family: Helvetica; text-align: -webkit-auto;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: large;\">* <\/span>\u039f Nuri Balta \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf SAMANYOLU Cemal Sasmaz \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0386\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u0388\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039a\u03b1\u03b6\u03b1\u03ba\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd (7 \u03ad\u03c4\u03b7) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u039f\u03c5\u03b6\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd (\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2). \u03a9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 (\u03b5\u03c0\u03af 18 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1) \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u039f\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u039c\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0386\u03b3\u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1.<\/i><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0393\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03b1\u03ca\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2<\/div>\n<div><a href=\"&#x6d;&#x61;&#x69;&#108;to:&#x67;&#x61;&#x69;&#115;idi&#x73;&#x40;&#x76;&#105;ewo&#x6e;&#x70;&#x68;&#121;sic&#x73;&#x2e;&#x67;&#114;\">g&#x61;&#x69;s&#105;&#x64;&#x69;s&#64;&#x76;ie&#x77;&#x6f;n&#112;&#x68;ys&#x69;&#x63;s&#46;&#x67;&#x72;<\/a><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/084d8930-f294-45d0-b352-2acd918a7bd2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-247\" src=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/084d8930-f294-45d0-b352-2acd918a7bd2-300x181.jpg\" alt=\"084d8930-f294-45d0-b352-2acd918a7bd2\" width=\"166\" height=\"99\" srcset=\"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/084d8930-f294-45d0-b352-2acd918a7bd2-300x181.jpg 300w, https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/084d8930-f294-45d0-b352-2acd918a7bd2.jpg 419w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 166px) 100vw, 166px\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Physics Teacher Magazine By Nuri Balta *,\u00a0Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey \u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac,\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2. \u03a7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b2\u03cc\u03c1\u03b1 \u00a0\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[5],"tags":[23],"class_list":["post-45","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-5","tag-23"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4sIra-J","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=45"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2996,"href":"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45\/revisions\/2996"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=45"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=45"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/viewonphysics.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=45"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}